Macrobid comes with the following warnings of serious side effects:⁴ ⁵ Respiratory reactions The most common side effects of Macrobid are:⁴ Macrobid is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects in some people. Sometimes, a healthcare provider may also order imaging tests, such as a CT scan or ultrasound, to look for signs of infection in the kidneys. If the urine test results are positive, you may be given a course of antibiotics. They may also order a urine test to look for bacteria, blood, or white blood cells in the urine. Untreated UTIs can lead to serious kidney infections that can be life-threatening.Ī healthcare professional will usually ask about your symptoms and medical history. Seek medical advice if you develop any of these symptoms. Pain or a burning sensation when urinatingĪ UTI that affects the kidneys (pyelonephritis) may cause the following symptoms: A UTI that affects the bladder (cystitis) may cause the following symptoms:įever between 98.7☏ and 101☏ (37.05☌ and 38.3☌)Ī UTI that affects the urethra (urethritis) may cause the following symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on the location of the infection. Taking immunosuppressive medications, or having diabetes and conditions that impair the body’s immune system, can lead to more bacterial infections in general, including UTIs. Injury, surgery, inflammation, or scar tissue formation can cause urethral strictures. It can block the flow of urine and cause UTIs. Urethral strictureĪ urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra. Indwelling catheters are those left in place continuously. They are one of the most common causes of UTIs in a hospital setting,³, and the risk is higher with indwelling catheters. They can also be used to treat certain long-standing urinary conditions, such as incontinence or blockages.Ĭatheters are generally safe but can increase your risk of developing a UTI. Catheters are commonly used during surgery or after an injury. Urinary catheterĪ urinary catheter is a small plastic tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine. Prostate cancer is another risk factor for UTIs.Ī study² found urinary catheterization was strongly linked to the occurrence of UTIs in people with enlarged prostates and prostate cancer. Having an enlarged prostate does not mean you have prostate cancer. This can cause urine retention in the bladder, raising the risk of UTIs. It produces fluid that helps nourish and protect sperm.Īs men age, the prostate can become enlarged (prostatic hyperplasia). The prostate is a small gland in men that sits below the bladder and surrounds the urethra. However, the bacteria involved in STIs, like gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis, can also lead to UTIs and affect the sexual organs. It’s important to remember UTIs are not sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Having a new sexual partner or using spermicide-based contraception also increase your risk. This is because sex increases the risk of bacteria from outside the body entering the urinary tract. This causes changes, such as vaginal dryness and weaker pelvic floor muscles. Post-menopausal women are also more prone to UTIs because they produce less estrogen. Women have a much shorter urethra than men, meaning bacteria have less distance to travel from outside the body to the bladder and kidneys. UTIs are much more common in women due to the female anatomy. The following factors may increase your risk of developing a UTI:¹ Female anatomy If the bacteria are not stopped at the bladder and travel up to the kidneys, this can lead to a kidney infection called pyelonephritis.Īnyone can get a UTI, but they are more common in women. However, other bacteria can also cause UTIs. This usually happens when there is a breakdown in the body’s natural defenses against infection.Į. The urinary tract is normally sterile, but bacteria can enter through the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) and multiply in the bladder.
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